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Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters

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Environmental Microbiology / Microbial Diversity

Microbiol. Biotechnol. Lett. 2016; 44(2): 171-179

https://doi.org/10.4014/mbl.1601.01003

Received: January 25, 2016; Accepted: April 19, 2016

북극 스발바르 군도 중앙로벤 빙하 해안 지역의 토양 시료 내 메타지놈 기반 미생물 군집 분석

Microbial Community of the Arctic Soil from the Glacier Foreland of Midtre Lovénbreen in Svalbard by Metagenome Analysis

Yoon Ji Seok 1, Eun-Ji Song 2, 3, In-Tae Cha 4, Hyunjin Lee 1, Seong Woon Roh 3, 5, Ji Young Jung 6, Yoo Kyung Lee 6, Young-Do Nam 2, 3 and Myung-Ji Seo 1, 4*

1Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea, 2Research Group of Gut Microbiome, Korea Food Research Institute, Sungnam 13539, Republic of Korea, 3Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea, 4Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea, 5Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea, 6Arctic Research Center, Korea Polar Research Institute, KIOST, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea

Abstract

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Recent succession of soil microorganisms and vegetation has occurred in the glacier foreland, because of glacier thawing. In this study, whole microbial communities, including bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes, from the glacier foreland of Midtre Lovénbreen in Svalbard were analyzed by metagenome sequencing, using the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM) platform. Soil samples were collected from two research sites (ML4 and ML7), with different exposure times, from the ice. A total of 2,798,108 and 1,691,859 reads were utilized for microbial community analysis based on the metagenomic sequences of ML4 and ML7, respectively. The relative abundance of microbial communities at the domain level showed a high proportion of bacteria (about 86−87%), whereas archaeal and eukaryotic communities were poorly represented by less than 1%. The remaining 12% of the sequences were found to be unclassified. Predominant bacterial groups included Proteobacteria (40.3% from ML4 and 43.3% from ML7) and Actinobacteria (22.9% and 24.9%). Major groups of Archaea included Euryarchaeota (84.4% and 81.1%), followed by Crenarchaeota (10.6% and 13.1%). In the case of eukaryotes, both ML4 and ML7 samples showed Ascomycota (33.8% and 45.0%) as the major group. These findings suggest that metagenome analysis using the Ion Torrent PGM platform could be suitably applied to analyze whole microbial community structures, providing a basis for assessing the relative importance of predominant groups of bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic microbial communities in the Arctic glacier foreland of Midtre Lovénbreen, with high resolution.

Keywords: Arctic, glacier foreland, microbial community, metagenome, Ion Torrent

References

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