Research Article(보문)
Environmental Microbiology (EM) | Biodegradation and Bioremediation
Microbiol. Biotechnol. Lett. 2024; 52(4): 397-415
https://doi.org/10.48022/mbl.2407.07011
Received: July 17, 2024; Revised: October 2, 2024; Accepted: October 14, 2024
Optimization and Depletion of Ammonia in the Liquid Phase Using Dried Bacillus subtilis Cells
Siti Baizura Mahat1,2, Syahanim Saidun1, Anis Amirah Ahmad Fuad1, Charles Ng Wai Chun1, Ramizah Kamaludin1, Azieyati Hani Hussain1, Muaz Mohd Zaini Makhtar1, and Husnul Azan Tajarudin1*
1Bioprocess Engineering Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Jalan Persiaran Sains, 11800, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
2Biomass Transportation Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Jalan Persiaran Sains, 11800, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Correspondence to :
Husnul Azan Tajarudin, azan@usm.my
This study investigated the optimization and depletion of ammonia in the liquid phase using dried Bacillus subtilis cells. Parameters such as temperature, pH, agitation, inoculation concentration, and ammonia concentration were analyzed via OFAT analysis. Optimal conditions achieved significant reductions: 37℃ temperature, pH 7, 150 rpm agitation, 1.0 g/l inoculation concentration, and 4 ml/l ammonia concentration. One-way ANOVA was used to identify significant parameters influencing ammonia reduction and B. subtilis growth. The results showed that temperature, concentration of ammonia, and inoculation concentration significantly impacted ammonia reduction, while pH and agitation influenced B. subtilis growth. This study optimized the reduction of ammonia and biomass production of B. subtilis using response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD), which achieved significant improvements. RSM and CCD enhanced the process, resulting in a 7.01 mg/l reduction in ammonia and a 1.07 g/l decrease in B. subtilis biomass. Model validation confirmed the efficacy of the optimized conditions. This underscores RSM and CCD's potential for environmental remediation and biomass production. The research highlights B. subtilis' role as a biocontrol agent for mitigating ammonia emissions, aiding sustainable environmental management and public health.
Keywords: Ammonia reduction, Bacillus subtilis, liquid phase, ANOVA, response surface methodology (RSM), central composite design (CCD)
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