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Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters

Research Article(보문)

Environmental Microbiology  |  Biodegradation and Bioremediation

Microbiol. Biotechnol. Lett.

Received: July 17, 2024; Revised: October 2, 2024

Optimization and Depletion of Ammonia in the Liquid Phase using Dried Bacillus subtilis Cells

SITI BAIZURA MAHAT 1, 2, Syahanim Saidun 1, Anis Amirah Ahmad Fuad 1, Charles Ng Wai Chun 1, Ramizah Kamaludin 1, Azieyati Hani Hussain 1, Muaz Mohd Zaini Makhtar 1 and HUSNUL AZAN TAJARUDIN 1*

Bioprocess Engineering Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Jalan Persiaran Sains, 11800, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Correspondence to :
HUSNUL AZAN TAJARUDIN, Bioprocess Engineering Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Jalan Persiaran Sains, 11800, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia [11800]
Fax : +6046536194, E-mail : azan@usm.my
, Biomass Transportation Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Jalan Persiaran Sains, 11800, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia [11800]

Abstract

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This study investigated the optimization and depletion of ammonia in the liquid phase using dried Bacillus subtilis cells. Parameters such as temperature, pH, aeration, Bacillus subtilis dosage, and ammonia concentration were analyzed via OFAT analysis. Optimal conditions achieved significant reductions: 37 °C temperature, pH 7, 150 rpm aeration, 1.0 g/L Bacillus subtilis concentration, and 4 ml/L ammonia concentration. One-way ANOVA was used to identify significant parameters influencing ammonia reduction and Bacillus subtilis growth. The results showed that temperature, concentration of ammonia, and dosage of Bacillus subtilis significantly impacted ammonia reduction, while pH and aeration influenced Bacillus subtilis growth. This study optimized the reduction of ammonia and biomass production of Bacillus subtilis using response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD), which achieved significant improvements. RSM and CCD enhanced the process, resulting in a 7.01 mg/L reduction in ammonia and a 1.07 g/L decrease in Bacillus subtilis biomass. Model validation confirmed the efficacy of the optimized conditions. This underscores RSM and CCD's potential for environmental remediation and biomass production. The research highlights Bacillus subtilis' role as a biocontrol agent for mitigating ammonia emissions, aiding sustainable environmental management and public health

Keywords: Ammonia reduction, Liquid phase, Response surface methodology (RSM), Bacillus subtilis, ANOVA, Central composite design (CCD)

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